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OBJECTIVE To analyze the research status， hotspots， and trend of the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine in China. METHODS Based on CNKI， VIP and Wanfang database， clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine was used as the subject of retrieval， and the retrieval time was from the inception to October 30th， 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer were used to conduct a visualization analysis of the relative literature of clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine in terms of annual publication quantity， authors， institutions， keywords， etc. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 1 460 pieces of literature related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine were included. The overall annual publication quantity showed a growth trend. There were 714 authors in the included literature. The institutions with a large publication quantity included the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， etc.， and there was little cooperation among the authors and institutions. High-frequency keywords included Chinese patent medicine， safety， adverse drug reactions， rational drug use， etc. Research hotspots focused on the safety and effectiveness evaluation of Chinese patent medicine. It may be a research trend in this field to strengthen the prescription review of Chinese patent medicine， and build a multi-dimensional and multi-criteriaclinical comprehensive evaluation system for the rational use of Chinese patent medicine.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological quality of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnosis and treatment guidelines/consensus of constipation with Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ （AGREE Ⅱ）tool， and to study the attention situation of the included Chinese patent medicines in China's National Reimbursement Drug List in the guidelines/consensus. MethodThe data of CNKI，VIP，Wanfang Data，SinoMed，PubMed and Cochrane from the inception of the databases to October 2021 were searched to collect the TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines/consensus of constipation. Then，the diagnosis and treatment standards and recommended Chinese patent medicines were extracted. Two researchers assessed the methodological quality of the guidelines/consensus with AGREE Ⅱ tool independently. The quality of reports was evaluated by Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare （RIGHT） Statement. The recommended Chinese patent medicines in the guidelines/consensus were compared with those in the National Reimbursement Drug List. ResultEleven consensus and 2 guidelines were included，involving 794 experts. The scores of AGREE II were clarity of presentation（59.0%），scope and purpose（44.0%），stakeholder involvement（23.1%），rigor of development （12.1%），applicability （11.1%），and editorial independence （8.3%） from high to low. Five articles were recommended at B level（recommended after revision） and 8 articles were at C level （not recommended）. The average scores of RIGHT Statement were as follows：basic information （93.59%），background （57.69%），evidence （18.46%），recommendations （20.88%），review and quality assurance （19.23%），funding，declaration and management of interests （0.00%）， and other information （0.00%）. The included guidelines/consensus recommended a total of 27 Chinese patent medicines，among which 20 were included in the National Reimbursement Drug List，with 4 species of Class A and 16 species of Class B， accounting for 74.1% of all recommended Chinese patent medicines. Ten purgative Chinese patent medicines in the National Reimbursement Drug List were recommended by the guidelines/consensus，accounting for 50% of all purgative drugs， and 8 were not recommended. There were prescriptions for purgation， for promoting digestion and removing food stagnation， for clearing heat and purging fire，and for warming the middle and dissipating cold，Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine. ConclusionBy the AGREE Ⅱ assessment，the methodological quality of the TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines/consensus of constipation included in this study needed to be improved in the future. The report quality evaluated with RIGHT Statement was low. Most drugs included in the National Reimbursement Drug List were paid attention in the TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines/consensus of constipation. Moreover，the drugs included in the National Reimbursement Drug List could basically fulfill the clinical needs reflexed from the guidelines/consensus recommendations. However， the reasons of some drugs failing to be included in the National Reimbursement Drug List needed to be studied in the future.
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OBJECTIVE To provide refere nce for the optimization and adjustment of the relevant policies in the field of pediatric drug in China. METHODS“Children”“pediatrics”and“drugs”were taken as the keywords to search the official websites of the State Council ，the National Health Commission ，the National Healthcare Security Administration ，the State Administration of Market Regulation and other relevant ministries and commissions ，and collect the relevant pediatric drug policies issued at the national level from January 1，2010 to December 31，2021. Content analysis method was used to summarize ，code and statistically analyze the policy tools used in the policy research documents. RESULTS A total of 39 policy documents and 327 policy tools were included in this study. According to statistics ，from 2011 to 2021，China issued national policy documents on pediatric drug use every year ，and in recent years ，the issuance of documents was relatively intensive. The main body of issuing pediatric drugs policy was the national health department and drug supervision and administration department （71.79％，28/39），and the number of documents issued by relevant ministries and commissions alone （76.92％，30/39）was significantly more than the number of documents jointly issued by multiple ministries and commissions （23.08％，9/39）. The environmental policy tools were the most widely used （64.83％，212/327），followed by s upply-oriented policy tools （30.28％，99/327），and demand-oriented policy tools were the least used （4.89％，16/327）. CONCLUSIONS The development of pediatric drug use in China is in its infancy. It is suggested that China should optimize supply-oriented policy tools，increase capital investment and the use of public health service tools ；adjust environmental policy tools ，accelerate the legislation of pediatric drugs ，and increase the proportion of incentive policy tool ；attach importance to demand-oriented policy tools ，strengthen international exchanges and the application of service outsourcing in the field of pediatric medication ；plan the use of various policy tools as a whole ，and coordinate the use proportion of three types of policy tool and their sub policy tools，so as to enhance the initiative of policy tools ，form policy synergy ，and jointly promote the development of pediatric drug use.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the research sta tus，hotspots and frontier trends in the field of domestic evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine ，and to provide reference for the development of this field. METHODS Retrieved from CJFD ，VIP and Wanfang database ，CiteSpace software and bibliometrics method were used to statistically analyze the annual quantity of documents published ，authors，institutions，and keywords ，etc. RESULTS A total of 3 154 papers were included in this study ，and the annual number of papers presented an overall upward trend. The author with the highest number of papers was Liu Jianping ， who published 106 papers and was closely connected with other authors. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine were highly productive institutions ，with more than 100 articles published each and a relatively wide range of cooperation. Evidence-based medicine ，Traditional Chinese Medicine ， evaluation，evidence-based nursing ，review，medical education ，clinical research and other high-frequency keywords （frequency of more than 100 times each ）formed hot topics of research. CONCLUSIONS The research of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine in China has been paid more and more attention ；“evidence-based medicine ”“traditional Chinese medicine ” “evidence-based nursing ”and“clinical research ”are the research hotspots.
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OBJE CTIVE To provide reference for the adjustment and optimization of the policies related to traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）injection in China. METHODS The policies related to TCM injections issued at the national level were collected from Jan. 1，1990 to May 31，2021. Based on the perspective of policy tool ，the content analysis and quantitative analysis were used to classify ，code and analyze the policy terms according to “policy serial number-chapter number-specific terms ”. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Totally 30 policy documents related to TCM injection were included ， with a total of 389 codes. Environment-based policy tools were the most widely used （79.95％），followed by supply-oriented policy tools ，accounting for 15.42％. Demand-based policy tools accounted for the least proportion （4.63％）. Among environment-based policy tools ，the regulatory and control policy tools （38.05％） received more attention，and the policy publicity （2.06％） received fewer applications. Among supply-oriented policy tools ，there were more applications of science and technology support （10.80％）， and fewer applications of capital investment （0.26％）. Among demand- based policy tools ，organizational coordination was the most widely used （3.34％），followed by experience demonstration （1.29％），which had not yet involved the relevant policies of international exchange. In order to promote the development of TCM injection ，it is necessary to appropriately reduce the application of environment-based policy tools ，increase the application of policies such as policy publicity ，and improve the external environment for TCM injection ；optimize the internal combination of supply-oriented policy tools ，increase the use of capital investment tools ，and effectively play the role of policy boosting；emphasize the application of demand-based policy XJY21013） tools to form an effective policy pulling force for the healthy development of TCM injection.